Multiple Sclerosis (MS) & Occupational Therapy
Introduction
If you’re seeking a multiple sclerosis therapist (especially an occupational therapy professional), we want you to be as informed as possible so we can truly partner to create the best course of treatment for YOU.
In occupational therapy, we tend to work from “menus” of evidence-based assessments and treatments. This gives us the flexibility to meet the specific needs of each individual. Below, you’ll find the assessment and treatment options your therapist may use, along with the evidence supporting them.
At the bottom of this page, you’ll find occupational therapists near you who specialize in addressing multiple sclerosis.
Please note that this page is for educational purposes and does not substitute advice from your medical provider.
Why pursue occupational therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Rehabilitation—including occupational therapy—can help improve your quality of life when living with multiple sclerosis. Occupational therapy practitioners support individuals throughout the MS journey, from early diagnosis to long-term disease management. Early and ongoing rehabilitation can help individuals with MS adapt to changes in symptoms, develop effective self-management strategies, and maintain participation in the activities that matter most to them.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) remains the leading cause of non-traumatic disability in adults aged 18–65. Occupational therapy practitioners are trained to address many of the challenges people with MS face in everyday life.
Related Assessments
Assessments are powerful tools to help us partner in your care. They establish a clear baseline, direct our treatment efforts, and give us a reliable way to track your progress over time. Your team may select some specific measures that fit your unique situation. Here are some examples:
Occupations/ADL
- 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT)
- 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)
- Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living (BI)
- Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM)
- Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)
- Functional Independence Measure (FIM)
- MS Quality of Life 54 (MSQOL 54)
- Neurobehavioral Functioning Inventory (NFI)
Coordination
Balance and Mobility
Sensation
Spasticity
Cognition
Caregiver Support
Possible Goal Areas
Therapy works best when there is buy-in from the patient. It is important that you work with your therapist to set treatment goals that truly reflect what’s important to you.
Goals may focus on areas such as activities of daily living, strength and coordination, pain and fatigue management, visual skills, self-management skills, coping skills, or social participation, among others.
Goal Bank for Clinicians
ADL/Occupation
STG: Pt will thoroughly clean bathtub with use of recommended compensatory strategies, AE/DME prn in safest context within 10 min without rest break.**
STG: Pt will clean at least 50% of larger spaces in her home (e.g. living and dining room) at ambulatory level prior to requiring seated rest breaks.
STG: Pt complete 7-10 step meal prep task with use of energy conservation techniques, and recommended AE prn with mod I.
STG: Pt will teachback education on strategies and AE for heat intolerance, when performing bathing.
LTG: Pt will improve performance score and satisfaction score on COPM by at least 3.0 and 3.2 points respectively, indicating improved performance and participation in ADL/IADL tasks.**
LTG: Pt will report complete dressing with use of compensatory strategies, AE, and energy conservation techniques on at least 5 high fatigue days with modified independence.
LTG 1: Pt will improve score on physical subtest of the MSIS-29 by at least 8 points from PS on 1/13/2026, in accordance with the MCID for the assessment, demonstarting improved symptom severtiy for daily functioning
Coordination
LTG: Pt will complete Nine Hole Peg Test within normative limits for pt’s age range bilaterally.
Strengthening and stability
STG: Pt will demonstrate improved BLE strength and standing balance by completing oral hygiene in standing on 3/5 occasions with modified independence.
LTG: (5 visits from 12/8/2024): Pt will teach back maintenance program targeting UB strength, fine motor coordination, standing tolerance, and symptom management with use of written handout as visual aid with mod I.
Fatigue management
LTG: Pt will improve score on the MFIS by at least 4 points, in accordance with the MCID for the assessment and population.**
Visual/ Perceptual Skills
STG: Pt will complete HEP targeting oculomotor and visual perceptual skills required for return to driving with use of handout as visual aid with mod I.
LTG: Pt will demonstrate improving visual perceptual skills by complete moderate level spot the difference within 5 min on 2/3 occasions.
LTG: Pt will demonstrate improving oculomotor functioning by completing convergence screen with reading of 10 in or less.
IADL Supports
LTG: Pt will teach back return to driving requirements for the state of Virginia related to her dx, and initiate Driving Rehabilitation as appropriate.
More Goal Area Ideas:
Pain education and management
Leisure and play pursuits
Social participation
Mental health support and coping skills
Health self-management
Self-advocacy skills
Treatment Interventions
After a thorough evaluation and goal-setting process, it is time to start making progress. Below are some broad areas of treatment intervention that can be implemented as part of a holistic therapy program.
Occupational therapists take a unique approach, considering intervention at the person, environment, and occupational level.
Multidisciplinary approaches 1,2
Physiotherapy
Individualized problem solving 3
Pelvic floor training 4
Physical Activity
Exercise therapy 5- 10
Resistance training 11 ,12
High intensity interval training 13
Aerobic aquatic exercise 14
Telerehabilitation
Web-based exercise programs 15
Teletherapy physical rehabilitation interventions 16
Cognitive and psychological interventions
Memory Rehabilitation 17
Cognitive behavioral therapy 10,18-20
Mindfulness interventions 20,21
Group-based stress management interventions 21
Self-management interventions 22
Mind body interventions 9
Fatigue management
Energy conservation 2
Exercise 23
Endurance and resistance training 1
OT Fatigue management programs 24
Modalities
Robot assisted gait training 25
Virtual reality training 26
Electrical stimulation
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) 27,28
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) 29
Neuromuscular electric al stimulation (NMES) 4
Respiratory training
Manual stretches 29
Nutritional and dietary supplement s
Patient Education 30
Vocational rehabilitation 31
Employment adaptations and support 32
Specific Exercise Modalities and Dosage for Clinicians
Exercise recommendations for reducing fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis based on optimal dosage (650 METs-min/week)33
Type of exercise | Intensity | Energy expenditure (METs-min) | Optimal recommended accumulation (min/week) | Minimum recommendations for exercise prescription (sessions × min/per week) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of exercise | Intensity | Energy expenditure (METs-min) | Optimal recommended accumulation (min/week) | Minimum recommendations for exercise prescription (sessions × min/per week) |
MBE | Moderate | 4 (code 02160) | ~165 | 4 × ~40 |
3 × ~55 | ||||
RT | Moderate | 3.5 (code 02054) | ~190 | 4 × ~50 |
3 × ~65 | ||||
Vigorous | 6.5 (code 02057) | ~100 | 4 × ~30 | |
3 × ~40 | ||||
COM | Moderate | 4.5 (mean of codes 01214, 02052) | ~145 | 3 × ~50 |
Vigorous | 8 (mean of codes 01236, 02055) | ~90 | 3 × ~30 |
Exercise recommendations for patients with multiple sclerosis to improve muscular fitness based on optimal dosage (530 METs-min/week)33
Type of exercise | Intensity | Energy expenditure (METs-min) | Optimal recommended accumulation (min/week) | Minimum recommendations for exercise prescription (sessions × min/per week) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
HIIT | Moderate | 7 (code 02210) | ~75 | 4 × ~20 |
3 × ~25 | ||||
Vigorous | 11 (code 02214) | ~50 | 3 × ~20 | |
2 × ~25 | ||||
COM | Moderate | 4.5 (mean of codes 01214, 02052) | ~120 | 3 × ~40 |
2 × ~60 | ||||
Vigorous | 8 (mean of codes 01236, 02055) | ~70 | 3 × ~25 | |
2 × ~35 | ||||
MBE | Moderate | 4 (code 02160) | ~135 | 3 × ~50 |
2 × ~70 |
Education Resources for Clients
Choosing a Therapist
If you are looking for an occupational therapy professional near you to help address multiple sclerosis symptoms, you can use the OT Near Me Directory below. We’ve highlighted the professionals who have tagged “multiple sclerosis” as a focus area.
Rachel L Hall
Certified Occupational Therapy
Occupational Therapy Assistant
Davisburg, Michigan
Aging in Place, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Dementia, Home Modifications, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurorehabilitation, Orthopedics & Musculoskeletal, Parkinson’s, Pelvic Health, Prevention, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Seating and Mobility, Sexuality/Intimacy, Spinal Cord Injury, Stroke, TBI
Jamie Boldig
MOT, OTR/L
Appleton, Wisconsin
Aging in Place, ADHD, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Anxiety, Aphasia & Communication Disorders, Assistive Technology, Autism, Burns, Cancer, Cerebral Palsy, Chronic Conditions, Chronic Pain, Coaching, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Dementia, Depression & Mood Disorders, Dystonia, Ergonomics, Fitness, Feeding and Eating, Functional Neurological Disorder (FND), Grant Writing, Hand Therapy, Health Data, Health Policy, Health Promotion, Hippotherapy, Home Modifications, Insomnia & Sleep, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Knowledge Translation, Lifestyle Medicine, Leadership, Medication Management, Multiple Sclerosis, Nature-based, Neurodiversity, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Orthopedics & Musculoskeletal, Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Parkinson’s, Pelvic Health, Prevention, Population Health, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Rare Diseases, Rheumatic Diseases, Seating and Mobility, Spinal Cord Injury, Stroke, TBI, Trauma & PTSD, Tourette syndrome, Voice & Fluency
Laurie Sullivan Gosse
OTR/L
Industry Professional
Coastal Home Rehab
Middletown Township, New Jersey
Aging in Place, Autism, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Dementia, Feeding and Eating, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Lymphedema, Multiple Sclerosis, Rheumatic Diseases, Seating and Mobility, Stroke, Wound Care
Caroline Kane
S/OT
Student
Cincinnati, Ohio
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Autism, Cerebral Palsy, CIMT, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Dementia, Hippotherapy, Lymphedema, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurodiversity, Neurorehabilitation, NICU, Orthopedics & Musculoskeletal, Parkinson’s, Rare Diseases, Spinal Cord Injury, Stroke, TBI
Lauralee Gordon
OTR/L
Flow Therapeutics, LLC
Richmond, Virginia
ADHD, Anxiety, Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Chronic Conditions, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Dementia, Fitness, Hand Therapy, Home Modifications, Insomnia & Sleep, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Maternal Health, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurodiversity, Neurorehabilitation, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Orthopedics & Musculoskeletal, Parkinson’s, Pelvic Health, Prevention, Rare Diseases, Seating and Mobility, Sexuality/Intimacy, Spinal Cord Injury, Stroke, TBI, Tourette syndrome
Katy Owens
OTR/L, TPS
Empowered Path Occupational Therapy
Loveland, Colorado
ADHD, Anxiety, Autism, Chronic Conditions, Chronic Pain, Coaching, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Functional Neurological Disorder (FND), Health Promotion, Home Modifications, Insomnia & Sleep, Knowledge Translation, Leadership, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurodiversity, Neurorehabilitation, Prevention, Population Health, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Rheumatic Diseases, Sexuality/Intimacy, Trauma & PTSD
Salmin Chacha
OTR/L
Occupational Therapist
AL NOOR TRAINING CENTRE
dubai
ADHD, Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Aquatic Therapy, Aphasia & Communication Disorders, Assistive Technology, Autism, Burns, Cerebral Palsy, Chronic Conditions, Chronic Pain, CIMT, Coaching, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Dementia, Depression & Mood Disorders, Developmental Delays, Dystonia, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Ergonomics, Emergency Department, Feeding and Eating, Functional Neurological Disorder (FND), Grant Writing, Hand Therapy, Health Data, ICU/Critical Care, Insomnia & Sleep, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Knowledge Translation, Lifestyle Medicine, Low Vision Rehabilitation, Maternal Health, Medication Management, Mitochondrial Disorders, Multiple Sclerosis, Nature-based, Neurodiversity, Neurorehabilitation, NICU, Pelvic Health, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Rare Diseases, Rheumatic Diseases, Seating and Mobility, Sexuality/Intimacy, Spinal Cord Injury, Stroke, Swallowing & Dysphagia, TBI, Trauma & PTSD, Vestibular & Balance Rehab
Jinu Thomas
OTD, CLT, OTR/L
Queens, New York
Aging in Place, ADHD, Anxiety, Assistive Technology, Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Chronic Conditions, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Dementia, Fitness, Lymphedema, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurorehabilitation, Orthopedics & Musculoskeletal, Parkinson’s, Seating and Mobility, Spinal Cord Injury, Stroke, TBI
Amanda M Fonner
OTR/L
Educator
Mercy Hospital Jefferson
Festus, Missouri
Anxiety, Burns, Cancer, Chronic Conditions, Chronic Pain, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Dementia, Depression & Mood Disorders, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Functional Neurological Disorder (FND), Hand Therapy, Health Promotion, Low Vision Rehabilitation, Lymphedema, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurodiversity, Neurorehabilitation, Orthopedics & Musculoskeletal, Parkinson’s, Social Determinants of Health, Stroke, TBI, Trauma & PTSD, Vestibular & Balance Rehab
Sanchala Sen
OTD, MSc, BSc (OT), OTR/L, BCPR, FAOTA
Winston-Salem State University
Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Aging in Place, Chronic Conditions, CIMT, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Hand Therapy, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Knowledge Translation, Low Vision Rehabilitation, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurorehabilitation, NICU, Orthopedics & Musculoskeletal, Rheumatic Diseases, Spinal Cord Injury, Stroke, TBI
Madison Lund
OTS
Student
Queen Creek, Arizona
Anxiety, Assistive Technology, Burns, Cancer, Cerebral Palsy, Chronic Conditions, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Ergonomics, Grant Writing, Health Data, Insomnia & Sleep, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Leadership, Maternal Health, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurodiversity, Neurorehabilitation, NICU, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Orthopedics & Musculoskeletal, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Rheumatic Diseases, Spinal Cord Injury, TBI, Trauma & PTSD
Cynthia Kisik
COTA/L
Patriot at Home
Louisville, Ohio
Aging in Place, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Aphasia & Communication Disorders, Assistive Technology, Burns, Cancer, Cerebral Palsy, Chronic Conditions, Chronic Pain, Dementia, Fitness, Grant Writing, Home Modifications, Insomnia & Sleep, Lifestyle Medicine, Medication Management, Multiple Sclerosis, Nature-based, Neurodiversity, Neurorehabilitation, Orthopedics & Musculoskeletal, Parkinson’s, Pelvic Health, Rare Diseases, Rheumatic Diseases, Seating and Mobility, Sexuality/Intimacy, Spinal Cord Injury, Stroke, TBI, Trauma & PTSD, Vestibular & Balance Rehab
Lindsay Voorhees
OTR/L, CYT200
Lindsay Voorhees Wellness
Durham, North Carolina
Cancer, Chronic Conditions, Chronic Pain, Coaching, Health Promotion, Lifestyle Medicine, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurorehabilitation, Parkinson’s, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma & PTSD
Brandy Archie
OTD, OTR/L, CLIPP
AskSAMIE
Kansas City, Missouri
Aging in Place, Assistive Technology, Chronic Conditions, Dementia, Health Promotion, Home Modifications, Low Vision Rehabilitation, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurorehabilitation, Parkinson’s, Prevention, Spinal Cord Injury, Stroke, TBI
Stacy Simoneaux
OTR/L, MBA-HA, MOccThySt(Hons),
Occupational Therapist
Seattle, Washington
Aging in Place, ADHD, Anxiety, Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Chronic Conditions, Chronic Pain, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Dementia, Health Data, Health Policy, Health Promotion, Home Modifications, Insomnia & Sleep, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Leadership, Mitochondrial Disorders, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurodiversity, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Prevention, Population Health, Social Determinants of Health, TBI, Trauma & PTSD, Tourette syndrome
Greta Rompel
OTR/L
Saint Charles, Missouri
Aging in Place, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Burns, Cancer, Cerebral Palsy, Chronic Conditions, Chronic Pain, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Dementia, Functional Neurological Disorder (FND), Health Policy, Home Modifications, Low Vision Rehabilitation, Lymphedema, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurorehabilitation, Orthopedics & Musculoskeletal, Parkinson’s, Seating and Mobility, Spinal Cord Injury, Stroke, TBI
Mamie Luck
MOT, OTR/L
Occupational Therapist
Triage Staffing
Richmond, Virginia
Aging in Place, ADHD, Aquatic Therapy, Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Chronic Conditions, Chronic Pain, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Dementia, Dystonia, Functional Neurological Disorder (FND), Home Modifications, Insomnia & Sleep, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Lifestyle Medicine, Low Vision Rehabilitation, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurorehabilitation, NICU, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Orthopedics & Musculoskeletal, Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Prevention, Population Health, Seating and Mobility, Social Determinants of Health, Spinal Cord Injury, Stroke, TBI, Trauma & PTSD
Marnie Renda
OTD, M.Ed. OTR/L
Xavier University
Cincinnati, Ohio
Aging in Place, ADHD, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Assistive Technology, Chronic Conditions, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Grant Writing, Health Policy, Health Promotion, Home Modifications, Knowledge Translation, Leadership, Low Vision Rehabilitation, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurodiversity, Neurorehabilitation, Parkinson’s, Pelvic Health, Prevention, Population Health, Seating and Mobility, Sexuality/Intimacy, Social Determinants of Health, Trauma & PTSD
Ashton Minalga
COTA
Brookville, Pennsylvania
Multiple Sclerosis
Karen Johnson
MOT, OTR/L, CBIS, CSRS
Innovative OT NC, LLC
Holly Springs, North Carolina
Cancer, Coaching, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Dementia, Functional Neurological Disorder (FND), Health Promotion, Home Modifications, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurorehabilitation, Prevention, Spinal Cord Injury, Stroke, TBI
Carsyn Thomas
OTS
Xavier University
Cable, Ohio
ADHD, Anxiety, Autism, Chronic Conditions, Chronic Pain, Feeding and Eating, Hippotherapy, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Maternal Health, Multiple Sclerosis, Nature-based, Neurodiversity, Neurorehabilitation, NICU, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Orthopedics & Musculoskeletal, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Rare Diseases
Kamille Perry
OTS
Xavier
Cincinnati, Ohio
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Aquatic Therapy, Cerebral Palsy, Dementia, Fitness, Hippotherapy, Insomnia & Sleep, Low Vision Rehabilitation, Maternal Health, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurodiversity, Neurorehabilitation, NICU, Pelvic Health, Sexuality/Intimacy, Spinal Cord Injury, Stroke
Anna Addison
MSOT, OTR
Industry Professional
Prompt Health
San Francisco, California
Aging in Place, Aphasia & Communication Disorders, Burns, Cancer, Chronic Conditions, Chronic Pain, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Ergonomics, Fitness, Feeding and Eating, Health Data, Home Modifications, Leadership, Medication Management, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurorehabilitation, Orthopedics & Musculoskeletal, Parkinson’s, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Rare Diseases, Sports Medicine & Performance, Spinal Cord Injury, Stroke, TBI, Trauma & PTSD, Vestibular & Balance Rehab, Wound Care
Destiney Carmichael
OTS
Student
Xavier University
Cincinnati, Ohio
Aging in Place, ADHD, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Anxiety, Assistive Technology, Autism, Burns, Cancer, Cerebral Palsy, Chronic Conditions, Chronic Pain, CIMT, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Dementia, Dystonia, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Fitness, Feeding and Eating, Functional Neurological Disorder (FND), Home Modifications, Insomnia & Sleep, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Lymphedema, Maternal Health, Multiple Sclerosis, Nature-based, Neurodiversity, Neurorehabilitation, NICU, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Orthopedics & Musculoskeletal, Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Parkinson’s, Pelvic Health, Prevention, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Rare Diseases, Rheumatic Diseases, Seating and Mobility, Sexuality/Intimacy, Social Determinants of Health, Spinal Cord Injury, Stroke, TBI, Trauma & PTSD, Vestibular & Balance Rehab
Conclusion
Hopefully this article helped you understand what therapy for multiple sclerosis entails.
This article is updated regularly based on newly released research. If you have any research you would like us to consider, please drop it in the comments.
OT Potential does not endorse any treatments, procedures, products, or therapists referenced herein. This information is provided as an educational service and is not intended to serve as medical advice. Anyone seeking medical advice should consult their medical provider.
Contributors
Sarah Lyon
OTR/L
Sarah Lyon, OTR/L, is the CEO of OT Potential. Sarah earned her BA from St. Olaf College and her master’s degree in occupational therapy from New York University. Her diverse clinical background spans multiple settings, including critical access, acute trauma, and state inpatient psychiatric hospitals. In 2011, she founded OT Potential to fulfill the industry's need for reliable, high-quality occupational therapy resources and continuing education.
As a recognized content creator, Sarah has collaborated with top healthcare brands like VeryWell Health, WebPT, and MedBridge. She blends her clinical expertise with a talent for creating clear, action-oriented content that empowers practitioners to excel. Passionate about elevating the OT profession, she has been featured on numerous industry podcasts. Sarah ultimately returned to her roots, running OT Potential and raising her family in her hometown of Aurora, Nebraska.
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